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Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (also referred to as adult ADHD or simply ADHD in adults, formerly AADD) is the neurobiological condition of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. About one-third〔 to two-thirds of children with symptoms from early childhood continue to demonstrate notable ADHD symptoms throughout life. Three subtypes of ADHD are identified in the DSM-IV as: * Predominantly Inattentive (ADHD-PI) * Predominantly Hyperactive (ADHD-PH) * Combined type (ADHD-C) In later life, the hyperactive/impulsive subtype manifests less frequently.〔 The hyperactivity symptoms tend to turn more into "inner restlessness", starting in adolescence and carrying on in adulthood.〔 Adult ADHD is typically marked by inattentiveness, difficulty getting work done, procrastination and organizational problems. Specifically, adults with ADHD present with persistent difficulties in following directions, remembering information, concentrating, organizing tasks, completing work within specified time frames and appearing timely in appointments. These difficulties affect several different areas of an ADHD adult's life, causing emotional, social, vocational, marital, legal, financial or academic problems.〔〔〔 As a result, low self-esteem is commonly developed. However, given the right guidance and coaching, these traits of ADHD could also lead to career success. Diagnosis of the condition follows after one or several assessment interviews by a clinician including: * examination of personal history * observational evidence from family members or close friends * academic reports, often going back to school years * etc.,〔〔 as well as evaluation to diagnose additional possible conditions which often coexist with ADHD, called comorbidities or comorbid disorders. The condition is highly heritable, and while its exact causes are not fully known, genetic or environmental factors are understood to play a part. ADHD is a childhood-onset condition, usually requiring symptoms to have been present before age 12〔(attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) ) by The American Psychiatric Association (2013). - Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5), Washington, D.C.〕 for a diagnosis. Children under treatment will migrate to adult health services if necessary as they transit into adulthood, however diagnosis of adults involves full examination of their history. Successful treatment of ADHD is usually based on a combination of medication, cognitive behavioral therapy, and coaching or skills training.〔 Medium-to-high intensity physical exercise, improved sleep and improved and targeted nutrition〔 are also known to have a positive effect. Within school and work, reasonable accommodations may be put in place to help the individual work more efficiently and productively. ==Classification== The DSM-IV, or Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 2000 edition, defines three types of ADHD: * a Predominanly Inattentive type * a Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive type * a Combined type, that displays symptoms from both aforementioned types To meet the diagnostic criteria of ADHD, an individual must display: * at least six inattentive-type symptoms for the inattentive type * at least six hyperactive-type symptoms for the hyperactive-impulsive type * all of the above to have the combined type The symptoms (see below) need to have been present since before the individual was seven years old, and must have interfered with at least two spheres of his or her functioning (at home and at school or work, for example) over the last six months.〔 The DSM-IV criteria for ADHD are, however, tailored towards the type of symptoms that children would show, and might therefore underestimate the prevalence of ADHD in adults.〔 In 2013, the newer DSM-V reviewed some of these criteria, with more lenient requirements for the diagnosis, specially in adults.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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